{"id":225851,"date":"2025-11-07T15:11:16","date_gmt":"2025-11-07T22:11:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vayhub.us\/rdpt22\/?p=225851"},"modified":"2025-11-10T08:45:44","modified_gmt":"2025-11-10T15:45:44","slug":"tiec-thuong-si-on-chao-don-an-ti-ot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vayhub.us\/rdpt22\/vi\/tiec-thuong-si-on-chao-don-an-ti-ot","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u1ebfc Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Si-\u00f4n, Ch\u00e0o \u0110\u00f3n An-ti-\u1ed1t"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Suy T\u01b0 L\u1ea1i V\u1ec1 C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Ly H\u01b0\u01a1ng Qua R\u00f4-ma 9\u201311<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3:<\/strong> H\u1ed3 C\u01a1-Nghi\u1ec7p, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Redemption Point
B\u00e0i tham lu\u1eadn tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Th\u1ea3o Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Tin L\u00e0nh V\u1ec1 C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Ly H\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t<\/em>
<\/em>Midway City, California, ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2025<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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T\u00f3m L\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 50 n\u0103m con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00ecnh. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng quan ni\u1ec7m Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u201cL\u01b0u \u0110\u00e0y v\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t H\u00e0nh\u201d c\u1ee7a Y-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean. Tuy quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ea3n l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e9p k\u00edn cho h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. B\u00e0i tham lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a S\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 trong th\u01b0 R\u00f4-ma \u0111o\u1ea1n 9-11. N\u1ed7i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Y-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1p v\u00e0o g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc Si-\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng An-ti-\u1ed1t: m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111i, v\u1eeba tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng ngu\u1ed3n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u1eeba theo \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh cho mu\u00f4n d\u00e2n trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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D\u1eabn Nh\u1eadp: N\u0103m H\u00e2n H\u1ec9 T\u1ea1i Ng\u00e3 Ba \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 2025 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 50 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y di t\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t N\u0103m H\u00e2n H\u1ec9 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb, v\u00e0 t\u00e1i h\u00ecnh dung t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u01a1n 125,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi b\u1ecf qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n sau ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1975, theo sau l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng “thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n” li\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm t\u1ef1 do.[^1] C\u00e1c C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cao h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n n\u00e0y: trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 7% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 50% trong l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.[^2]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o (kho\u1ea3ng 1-2% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam), c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.[^3] Nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c s\u01b0, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n Tin L\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di t\u1ea3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00ec ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Tin L\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1975 ho\u1eb7c r\u1eddi \u0111i sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ‘thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n.’ C\u00e1c ghi nh\u1eadn ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n n\u00eau b\u1eadt vai tr\u00f2 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n Tin L\u00e0nh trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Tr\u1ea1i Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o Ph\u00fac \u00e2m Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p (C&MA) Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch tuy\u00ean \u00fay; h\u01a1n 966 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ trong v\u00f2ng b\u1ea3y th\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 633 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu ph\u00e9p b\u00e1p-tem qua c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.[^4]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o Tin L\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1edf. H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o Ph\u00fac \u00e2m Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p (C&MA) \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ea1t Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1975 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i d\u00f9 cho nh\u1eefng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean to\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9.[^5] T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i B\u00e1p-t\u00edt Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1975. R\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0: c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, cung c\u1ea5p nh\u00e0 \u1edf, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.[^6] Ng\u00e0y nay, C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n VN chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba trong s\u1ed1 3.5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t s\u1ed1ng ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.[^7]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khai sinh ra nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 \u00dac. C\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ed5 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng\u2014nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c tin cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp. Sau khi t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c. C\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf trong c\u00e1c c\u0103n h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn. Vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, c\u00e1c C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 \u00dac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o (the dominant theological framework) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c “L\u01b0u \u0110\u00e0y v\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t H\u00e0nh”: xem n\u0103m 1975 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y kh\u1ecfi qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh qua \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eafng (trong Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 K\u00fd), v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai, nh\u1eefng r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y. Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t\u2014nay \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i 70 v\u00e0 80\u2014v\u1eabn b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n, trong khi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai, sinh ra t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd tr\u1ea3i qua. C\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c \u00c1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “cu\u1ed9c xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng” (Silent Exodus): m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lan r\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i h\u01a1n trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh, l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd r\u1eddi xa H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh.[^8] M\u00f4 th\u1ee9c “L\u01b0u \u0110\u00e0y” t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef khi\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u00f4 th\u1ee9c L\u01b0u \u0110\u00e0y v\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t H\u00e0nh, d\u00f9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan ph\u00f2ng, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed9i, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a thay v\u00ec tham gia v\u00e0o s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ban \u0111\u1ea7u sang m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i-l\u01b0u-\u0111\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 L\u00ea V\u0129nh Th\u1ea1ch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00ecu d\u1eaft t\u00f4i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1998 v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ea1t tr\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ea1t Vi\u1ec7t Nam (2012-2020). M\u1ee5c s\u01b0 Th\u1ea1ch nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 duy “L\u01b0u \u0110\u00e0y” b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thu\u1ed9c linh v\u00e0 cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Ch\u00faa cho m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh Diaspora (s\u1ef1 t\u1ea3n l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng) nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i thi\u00eang li\u00eang cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Ch\u00faa\u2014m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 Midway v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh Redemption Point \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh An-ti-\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o h\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y. M\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u0110\u1eb7ng Minh Tr\u00ed, khi v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Anaheim c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai An-ti-\u1ed1t th\u00e0nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc cho H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng M\u1ee5c s\u01b0 Truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1o trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ea1t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 n\u0103m 2000.[^9] Ngo\u00e0i gi\u00e1o h\u1ea1t, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 H\u1ed3 Xu\u00e2n Ph\u00fa v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 M\u1ee5c s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c qua c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7\u2014nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0i tham lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p theo Phao-l\u00f4, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch R\u00f4-ma \u0111o\u1ea1n 9-11. Cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2n Y-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00ea-si c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. “N\u1ed7i \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i” c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng (R\u00f4-ma 9:2) n\u00e2ng cao n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb di d\u1eddi, trong khi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2n Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1p v\u00e0o d\u00e2n giao \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Th\u00f4ng qua Phao-l\u00f4, t\u00f4i ngh\u1ec9 r\u1eb1ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfc th\u01b0\u01a1ng Si-\u00f4n sang vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng An-ti-\u1ed1t\u2014t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, mong m\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i, sang m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai ph\u00e1i, v\u1eeba tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u1eeba \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Redemption Point Church, m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai sinh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010 t\u1eeb M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 Anh ng\u1eef Midway, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u2014bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2009, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i-khai-sinh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Ch\u00faa v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia nh\u1eadp b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2024\u2014cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Si-\u00f4n sang An-ti-\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ph\u1ea7n I: M\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c L\u01b0u \u0110\u00e0y v\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t H\u00e0nh: \u0110i\u1ec3m M\u1ea1nh & H\u1ea1n Ch\u1ebf<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch C\u00e1c C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0110\u00e3 \u0110\u1ecbnh H\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 C\u00e2u Chuy\u1ec7n C\u1ee7a M\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 “m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c L\u01b0u \u0110\u00e0y v\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t H\u00e0nh” cho C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc Janet Hoskins \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t: l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 tan v\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n, s\u1ef1 di d\u1eddi b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, trong khi xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh g\u1ee3i l\u00ean c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c di chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u thi\u00eang li\u00eang.[^10] Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 hai khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f4 th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan ph\u00f2ng<\/strong>. C\u00e1c C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft thi\u00eang li\u00eang qua c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chu c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng: “Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2014h\u1ecd b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft \u0111u\u1ed1i, h\u1ecd b\u1ecb h\u1ea3i t\u1eb7c gi\u1ebft. T\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi may m\u1eafn.”[^11] L\u0103ng k\u00ednh Xu\u1ea5t H\u00e0nh bi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u thi\u00eang li\u00eang, bi\u1ebfn h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u00edn trong giao \u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/strong>. Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m chung v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 di d\u1eddi\u2014\u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “t\u1ea3n l\u1ea1c”\u2014t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. C\u00e1c C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn di d\u1eddi, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng C\u1ed9ng trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.[^12]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/strong>. N\u1ebfu c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, \u0103n m\u1eebng T\u1ebft Nguy\u00ean \u0110\u00e1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp. Nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Peter C. Phan nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, “Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam.”[^13]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec3m M\u1ea1nh Kh\u00f4ng Th\u1ec3 Ch\u1ed1i C\u00e3i c\u1ee7a M\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 L\u01b0u \u0110\u00e0y v\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t H\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/strong> cho nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i, bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng hy v\u1ecdng<\/strong>\u2014\u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i thay v\u00ec tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc<\/strong> trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 l\u1eabm, n\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi “Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ai?” b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: “Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111ang b\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y.” N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft<\/strong> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau, gi\u00fap th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong> s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi K\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 50 n\u0103m H\u00e2n H\u1ec9, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n vinh di s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. M\u00f4 th\u1ee9c L\u01b0u \u0110\u00e0y v\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t H\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc\u2014n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t huy\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng H\u1ea1n Ch\u1ebf Tr\u1edf N\u00ean R\u00f5 R\u1ec7t Sau 50 N\u0103m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed9i<\/strong>. Khi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c, c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh B\u00e1p-t\u00edt Vi\u1ec7t Nam Quincy \u0111\u00e3 than th\u1edf v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2024: “H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh ch\u00fang t\u00f4i thi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb… ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00ec h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i.”[^14] M\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00f3 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f4 th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 k\u1eb9t c\u1ee9ng trong th\u1eddi gian<\/strong>. N\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u vong\u2014m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 m\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u sinh ra t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, theo l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e3 “b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.”[^15] B\u1ea3n s\u1eafc l\u01b0u vong ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh ch\u1ed1ng C\u1ed9ng<\/strong> g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che khu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh Ph\u00fac \u00c2m. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u2014m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi (c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch) b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1986\u2014tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn cho b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c L\u01b0u \u0110\u00e0y v\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t H\u00e0nh nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Ch\u00faa<\/strong>. L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7: b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta, ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n L\u01b0u \u0110\u00e0y, v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai ph\u00e1i. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1ea3n l\u1ea1c mong m\u1ecfi qu\u00ea nh\u00e0, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tin m\u1eebng cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ph\u1ea7n II: S\u1ef1 Than Kh\u00f3c v\u00e0 Tho\u00e1t Gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4: \u0110\u1ecdc R\u00f4-ma 9-11<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1i C\u1ea3nh L\u1ecbch S\u1eed: M\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Trong Giai \u0110o\u1ea1n Chuy\u1ec3n Ti\u1ebfp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7y nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 trong R\u00f4-ma 9-11, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh La M\u00e3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7y gi\u1eb1n v\u1eb7t trong ch\u00ednh Phao-l\u00f4. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra kho\u1ea3ng t\u00e1m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 49 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean: Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Claudius \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i kh\u1ecfi La M\u00e3. Nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc La M\u00e3 Suetonius \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i: “V\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u00ec Chrestus, \u00f4ng [Claudius] \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi La M\u00e3” (ludaeos impulsore Chresto assidue tumultuantis Roma expulit).[^16] “Chrestus” g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c cho \u201cChrist\u201d, cho th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t trong nh\u00e0 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb M\u00ea-si c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-xu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh La M\u00e3, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u1ed9i Do Th\u00e1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngo\u1ea1i v\u00ec ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Khi Claudius qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 54 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i La M\u00e3\u2014bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 P\u00ea-r\u00edt-sin v\u00e0 A-qui-la (R\u00f4-ma 16:3), nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p \u1edf C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 sau khi h\u1ecd b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 18:2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngo\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecd v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t. C\u00e1c C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngo\u1ea1i, l\u00fac n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, xem vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-xu l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n thay th\u1ebf Y-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean b\u1eb1ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 Phao-l\u00f4. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft cho h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng suy t\u01b0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn h\u1eefu Do Th\u00e1i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u2014d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 \u00f4ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi “n\u1ed7i \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i”\u2014b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 trong ch\u00ednh phong tr\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00ea-si c\u1ee7a Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u00ea v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “ch\u1ecbu ph\u00e9p c\u1eaft b\u00ec ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m, thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng Y-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean, chi ph\u00e1i B\u00ean-gia-min, ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 sinh b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1; v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i Pha-ri-si” (Phi-l\u00edp 3:5). \u00d4ng hi\u1ec3u Torah, n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 v\u00e0 A-ram, tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c Do Th\u00e1i. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy nguy\u00ean d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc Do Th\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 v\u1eady, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 cho d\u00e2n Ngo\u1ea1i\u2014ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m trong Phao-l\u00f4: m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111e d\u1ecda ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ecdi n\u01a1i Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ph\u00fac \u00e2m; ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn n\u00f3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u1ed9i \u0111u\u1ed5i \u00f4ng \u0111i; c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngo\u1ea1i ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n \u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1ea5t cho \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00ea-si th\u00ec l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d; c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i \u201cd\u1ea1\u201c. V\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, t\u1ea1i La M\u00e3\u2014t\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111ang c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 xong vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi Y-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh \u00f4-li-ve d\u1ea1i \u0111ang khinh mi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 b\u1ecb x\u00e9 \u0111\u00f4i theo hai h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. \u00d4ng \u0111au bu\u1ed3n v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-xu: “T\u00f4i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed3n b\u1ef1c l\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i trong l\u00f2ng. V\u00ec t\u00f4i ao \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf, xa c\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, v\u00ec anh em t\u00f4i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n x\u00e1c” (R\u00f4-ma 9:2-3). Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng lo s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf Y-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean sau h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 giao \u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec c\u00e1c C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00e1i tim tan n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4\u2014v\u1eeba \u0111au bu\u1ed3n cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh, v\u1eeba l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngo\u1ea1i\u2014kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a; \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong>. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1i tim tan n\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4. H\u1ecd y\u00eau di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u2014ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed chung v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n con c\u00e1i h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh nh\u1eefng hy sinh \u0111\u00e3 qua, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1975. V\u00e0 tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh. H\u1ecd th\u1ea5y con c\u00e1i h\u1ecd tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i h\u01a1n trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a M\u1ef9 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t. H\u1ecd ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m “l\u00e0m d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam” ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Phao-l\u00f4, c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111au bu\u1ed3n cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng o\u00e1n gi\u1eadn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i ng\u1ecdn \u0111u\u1ed1c cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111ang trao cho h\u1ecd?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 trong R\u00f4-ma 9-11 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a gi\u1eefa di s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngo\u1ea1i. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 xoay quanh \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5. C\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh d\u1ea1i (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngo\u1ea1i) \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00fat s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c hay n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c. V\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng\u2014ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1edfi \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngo\u1ea1i nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1p v\u00e0o c\u00e2y \u00f4-li-ve c\u1ee7a Y-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y m\u1edbi do ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Phao-l\u00f4 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngo\u1ea1i trong khi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu Do Th\u00e1i v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Y-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ph\u00fac \u00e2m \u0111ang ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 ranh gi\u1edbi s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pha-ri-si v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00ea-si c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb ch\u1ed5 c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh: b\u1ecb gi\u1eb1ng x\u00e9 gi\u1eefa \u0111au bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng, di s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ed7i Th\u1ed1ng Kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4, Tr\u00e1i Tim c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Ly H\u01b0\u01a1ng (R\u00f4-ma 9:1-5)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi. Phao-l\u00f4 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 coi l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch R\u00f4-ma v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c: “T\u00f4i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed3n b\u1ef1c l\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i trong l\u00f2ng. V\u00ec t\u00f4i ao \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf, xa c\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, v\u00ec anh em t\u00f4i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n x\u00e1c” (R\u00f4-ma 9:2-3). N.T. Wright l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng “ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc R\u00f4-ma 9-11 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Christology”\u2014tuy nhi\u00ean Christology c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi tr\u00e1i tim m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.[^17]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng. Phao-l\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: di s\u1ea3n Do Th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n Ngo\u1ea1i, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho Y-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u00fac \u00e2m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c. \u00d4ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Y-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m con nu\u00f4i, s\u1ef1 vinh quang, c\u00e1c giao \u01b0\u1edbc, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a, c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 cao c\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00ea-si-a “theo ph\u1ea7n x\u00e1c” (R\u00f4-ma 9:4-5). Douglas Moo n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng: “V\u1eady th\u00ec, t\u1ea1i sao Y-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0 C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a?”[^18] N\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 tr\u1edb tr\u00eau bi th\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1ea5t cho \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00ea-si-a l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft n\u1ed7i th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i \u0111i th\u0103m Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u00e1c C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng hy sinh phi th\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u00fac \u00e2m\u2014t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ti3ng ng\u1ed9 v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Joshua Project: ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh g\u1ed1c, v\u1eabn \u1edf m\u1ee9c “m\u00e0u cam” tr\u00ean thang \u0111o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00fac \u00e2m v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan r\u1ed9ng. Trong s\u1ed1 98 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. Phao-l\u00f4 l\u00e0m m\u1eabu cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt: t\u00ecnh y\u00eau s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00fac \u00e2m ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua Huy\u1ebft Th\u1ed1ng: S\u1ef1 D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 H\u00f3a G\u00e2y S\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n (R\u00f4-ma 9:6-10:13)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 trong R\u00f4-ma 9-11 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c, di s\u1ea3n, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ra trong ba l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng kinh ng\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i<\/strong> (R\u00f4-ma 9:6-9). “Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai b\u1edfi Y-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean m\u00e0 ra \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a \u00c1p-ra-ham \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng” (9:6-7). C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 Y-s\u00e1c h\u01a1n \u00cdch-ma-\u00ean v\u00e0 Gia-c\u1ed1p h\u01a1n \u00ca-sau ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u00c1p-ra-ham kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/strong> (R\u00f4-ma 9:10-18). Gia-c\u1ed1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn h\u01a1n \u00ca-sau tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea3 hai “l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng\u2014kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e0 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea5ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi” (9:11). Vi\u1ec7c Phao-l\u00f4 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Xu\u1ea5t H\u00e0nh 33:19\u2014”Ta s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t ai Ta th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb v\u1edbi ai Ta c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb” (9:15)\u2014thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi<\/strong> (R\u00f4-ma 9:24-33). V\u00e0 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t n\u00e0y m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c ra ngo\u00e0i Y-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n Ngo\u1ea1i. Phao-l\u00f4 x\u00e2u chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a \u00d4-s\u00ea r\u1eb1ng “Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e2n ta” s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng” (9:25-26), v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a \u00ca-sai cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u (9:27-29).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00f4-ma \u0111\u1ecdan 10 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00e0 “s\u1ef1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin” (10:4)\u2014kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n: “M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00eau c\u1ea7u danh Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u” (R\u00f4-ma 10:13, tr\u00edch Gi\u00f4-\u00ean 2:32). Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang, “S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ‘t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o’ v\u00e0 ‘Ph\u00fac \u00c2m’ l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y: ‘T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o’ h\u1ecfi, ‘T\u00f4i c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn?’ ‘Ph\u00fac \u00c2m’ h\u1ecfi, ‘\u0110\u1ea5ng Christ \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn?'”[^19]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c Nh\u00e1nh \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e1p V\u00e0o v\u00e0 C\u00e2y \u00d4-li-ve Thu\u1ed9c V\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ (R\u00f4-ma 11:1-24)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ea8n d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y \u00f4-li-ve trong R\u00f4-ma 11:17-24 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tranh lu\u1eadn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng Svetlana Khobnya gi\u1ea3i kinh v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ r\u1ea5t thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t cho th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng. G\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng hay d\u00e2n Y-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c.[^20]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng Khobnya \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Phao-l\u00f4 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00e0 “g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Y-sai” trong R\u00f4-ma 15:12, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u00ca-sai 11:10. Th\u1ee9 hai, \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u1f00\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae (tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a) li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh (1 C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 15:20-23), “tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a” t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u201cnh\u00e1nh\u201d trong R\u00f4-ma 11:16. Th\u1ee9 ba, \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00e0 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 (Con \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00f2ng), s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (R\u00f4-ma 8:29).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • C\u00e2y \u00f4-li-ve tr\u1ed3ng<\/strong> = d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • G\u1ed1c r\u1ec5<\/strong> = \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • C\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/strong> = ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • C\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh \u00f4-li-ve d\u1ea1i<\/strong> = d\u00e2n Ngo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1p v\u00e0o<\/strong> = d\u00e2n Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o tham gia trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ b\u1edfi \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Phao-l\u00f4 d\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 l\u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1p v\u00e0o g\u1ed1c d\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh d\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng (11:24). S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd: d\u00e2n Ngo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p di truy\u1ec1n \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng t\u00edch l\u0169y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh d\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5\u2014t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mang nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc cho H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh \u00f4-li-ve d\u1ea1i<\/strong>. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 \u1edf M\u1ef9. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ kh\u00f4ng qua d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i c\u1ee7a \u00c1p-ra-ham, kh\u00f4ng qua giao \u01b0\u1edbc M\u00f4i-se, kh\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ebf l\u1ec5. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1p v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin. B\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn khi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f3a C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o, “B\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac \u00c2m trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-xu C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c. G\u1ed1c c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf trong g\u1ed1c. V\u0103n h\u00f3a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9i dung, c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a.”[^21]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n\n\n\n

    Ph\u1ea7n III: T\u1eeb Si-\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn An-ti-\u1ed1t: M\u1ed9t S\u1ef1 Thay \u0110\u1ed5i M\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh H\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    T\u1ea1i Sao Kh\u00f4ng Ph\u1ea3i L\u00e0 Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    N\u1ebfu m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c L\u01b0u \u0110\u00e0y v\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t H\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem\u2014m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1eadp trung quanh \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tinh s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n\u2014th\u00ec R\u00f4-ma 9-11 l\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c. Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh m\u1eb9, trung t\u00e2m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Do Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o khi C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o c\u00f2n s\u01a1 khai. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh An-ti-\u1ed1t m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem, do Gia-c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng mang t\u00ednh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. Khi c\u01a1n b\u1eaft b\u1edb l\u00e0m tan l\u1ea1c c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00edn h\u1eefu t\u1eeb Ch\u00edp-r\u01a1 v\u00e0 Sy-ren, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u “gi\u1ea3ng cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p n\u1eefa” (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 11:20). \u0110\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 M\u1ee5c s\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m H\u00f9ng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng sai Ba-na-ba\u2014m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady\u2014\u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi n\u00e0y t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 11:22).[^21a] M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a: Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng sai ph\u00e1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fac ph\u01b0\u1edbc cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai; An-ti-\u1ed1t nh\u00ecn ra c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng g\u1eedi c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 cho h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh m\u1eb9. Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng; An-ti-\u1ed1t ti\u00ean phong trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh M\u00e0 L\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c G\u1ecdi L\u00e0 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 11:19-30)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 “Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n h\u00f3a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh” c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i v\u00ed An-ti-\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c v3.0 c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh\u2014m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ea3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp th\u00e2n m\u1eadt (v0.5), giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (v1.0), v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf (v2.0) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m sai ph\u00e1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.[^22] B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u An-ti-\u1ed1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. S\u1ef1 Ti\u1ebfp C\u1eadn N\u1ed5i B\u1eadt v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u01b0a Tin:<\/strong> H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai sinh th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngo\u1ea1i. “Tay Ch\u00faa \u1edf v\u1edbi h\u1ecd” (11:21), cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. S\u1ef1 R\u1ed9ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 L\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00f3t do Th\u00e1nh Linh D\u1eabn D\u1eaft:<\/strong> An-ti-\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi Th\u00e1nh Linh ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 qua A-ga-b\u00fat r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i s\u1eafp x\u1ea3y ra (11:28), h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn hy sinh, g\u1eedi c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem (11:29-30). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111a s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c tr\u1ebb v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u00f2ng r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n v\u00f4 gi\u00e1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 Gi\u1ea3ng D\u1ea1y B\u1ec1n V\u1eefng:<\/strong> Ba-na-ba v\u00e0 Sau-l\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 “d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi” trong su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t n\u0103m (11:26). \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed thu h\u00fat ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. Vi\u1ec7c Sai Ph\u00e1i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o L\u1ea5y Th\u1edd Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e0m Trung T\u00e2m:<\/strong> C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 13:1-3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t: “Khi h\u1ecd \u0111ang th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ki\u00eang \u0103n, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh ph\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng: ‘H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 ri\u00eang Ba-na-ba v\u00e0 Sau-l\u01a1 cho ta, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ta \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd.'” Vi\u1ec7c \u1ee7y th\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a ban b\u1ec7 m\u00e0 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, ki\u00eang \u0103n v\u00e0 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      An-ti-\u1ed1t l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7n Th\u00e2n Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a R\u00f4-ma 11<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e2y \u00f4-li-ve c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 v\u00e0 m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh An-ti-\u1ed1t gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. An-ti-\u1ed1t l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1p v\u00e0o tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh: c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu Do Th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Ba-na-ba v\u00e0 Phao-l\u00f4) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh d\u1ea1i (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin Ch\u00faa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngo\u1ea1i) c\u00f9ng h\u00fat s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c (\u0110\u1ea5ng Christ), c\u00f9ng th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      An-ti-\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng Tin L\u00e0nh t\u1ea1o ra “m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi” (\u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 2:15). B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1eabn c\u00f2n\u2014Phao-l\u00f4 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i, Lu-xi-\u00fat v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1eafc Phi\u2014nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Tin L\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c\u2014Ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n\n\n\n

      Ph\u1ea7n IV: Nh\u1eefng \u00c1p D\u1ee5ng Th\u1ef1c Ti\u1ec5n cho c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ly H\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      1. T\u00e1i \u0110\u1ecbnh H\u00ecnh B\u1ea3n S\u1eafc t\u1eeb B\u1ea3o T\u1ed3n D\u00e2n T\u1ed9c sang Tham Gia v\u00e0o Ph\u00fac \u00c2m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap c\u00e1c C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u2014\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai\u2014tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi “T\u00f4i l\u00e0 ai?” b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi theo Phao-l\u00f4: “T\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh \u00f4-li-ve d\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1p v\u00e0o gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi b\u1edfi \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1edfi g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ.” \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng x\u00f3a b\u1ecf b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam; n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eb7ng cho h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/strong> ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n 7:9\u2014”m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ecdi chi ph\u00e1i, m\u1ecdi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef”\u2014c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi R\u00f4-ma 11. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean n\u00ean trang b\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1ecf Tin L\u00e0nh trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      2. Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n Ban L\u00e3nh \u0110\u1ea1o Song Ng\u1eef v\u00e0 Song V\u0103n H\u00f3a Qua c\u00e1c M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 Ti\u1ebfng Anh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111ang gi\u00e0 \u0111i; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi \u0111i. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t hay n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o c\u1ea3 hai v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      An-ti-\u1ed1t c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: Phao-l\u00f4 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 Hy L\u1ea1p; Ba-na-ba l\u00e0m c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ch\u00edp-r\u01a1 v\u00e0 Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem. C\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0, t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 millennials, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111a s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      S\u1ef1 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc tr\u00ean c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u01b0 M\u1ee5c s\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m H\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 tinh \u00fd nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u00e2n t\u1ee9 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c nhau. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 x\u00e2y c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 Ba-na-ba \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa n\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1eeb Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem. Sau \u0111\u00f3, khi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, nh\u1eefng \u00e2n t\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u (v\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ba-na-ba v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 trong s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 trao quy\u1ec1n cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u00f4n vinh c\u00f4ng lao n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ‘Ba-na-ba’ \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c r\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ‘Phao-l\u00f4’.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      V\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990-2000, c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c chung: ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai, cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 Ti\u1ebfng Anh (EM) \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 ho\u1eb7c r\u1eddi b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh\u2014m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam.[^23]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ‘M\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, Hai Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef’, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Anh chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o chung trong khi v\u1eabn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u1edf Texas, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh B\u00e1p-t\u00edt Redeemer \u1edf Plano, \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp hai H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f9ng nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3.[^24] M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn An-ti-\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      T\u1ea1i \u00dac, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Earthen Vessels (Melbourne) \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng song ng\u1eef t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1981 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 quanh m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng chung. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn\u2014c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung.[^25]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfng Anh th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m \u0111a s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1edf Nam \u00dac \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh dung r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111a s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Tin L\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf.[^26] \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n (Si-\u00f4n) sang s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng (An-ti-\u1ed1t).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean:<\/p>\n\n\n\n